Vol. 6 No. 02 (2025)
Articles

Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Saponified Waste Oil and Cetrimonium Chloride (Ctac) in Cement Pastes

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  • Abdel Fattah Qaraman,
  • MAHER ELBAYOUMI
Abdel Fattah Qaraman
Department of Health Professions, College of Intermediate Studies, Israa University, Gaza, Palestine
MAHER ELBAYOUMI
Department of Engineering and Information Technology, College of Intermediate Studies, Israa University, Gaza, Palestine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38094/jocef602112

Published 2025-08-25

Keywords

  • Cementitious materials, Cetrimonium chloride (CTAC), Saponified cooking oil (SCO), Antibacterial performance, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Zone of inhibition.

How to Cite

[1]
A. F. Qaraman and M. . ELBAYOUMI, “Synergistic Antibacterial Effects of Saponified Waste Oil and Cetrimonium Chloride (Ctac) in Cement Pastes”, JoCEF, vol. 6, no. 02, pp. 51 - 57, Aug. 2025.

Copyright (c) 2025

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Abstract

Microbial colonization activity in cement pastes can lead to biodeterioration, compromising the structural integrity over time. This study investigates the antibacterial performance of cement pastes modified with saponified cooking oil (SCO) and cetrimonium chloride (CTAC). Different doses of CTAC and SCO were blended with cement paste on four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). The results showed that B. subtilis revealed the highest sensitivity to CTAC's antibacterial activity, especially at high doses (up to 1%). This effect was enhanced by adding SCO, indicating a clear synergistic interaction. Gram-positive bacteria generally reacted more strongly to the modified cement paste comparing with Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrated the potential of CTAC/SCO-modified cement for use in microbial-sensitive environments such as hospitals, and food processing facilities.

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